A lively, insightful look at the world of animal intelligence.

Recent evidence has dismissed the belief that animals are simply reflex machines, acting without thought or real consciousness.

In response, there has been a rush to examine animal intelligence.

Yet what, precisely, is intelligence? Is it the ability to learn, the ability to remember, or the ability to survive? What separates instinct from intelligence? Why are dolphins smarter than eagles and bees smarter than worms? Are cats smarter than dogs? Clever as a Fox explores the often-misconstrued world of animal intelligence.

From B.F.

Skinner's behaviorism to evolutionary biology, Sonja Yoerg examines the ways we have come to view motivation and intelligence in animals.